高浓度氨氮废水的危害及主要治理技术

高浓度氨氮废水排放量大、成分复杂、毒性强,因此对环境的危害极大。本文从总结高浓度氨氮废水的来源和特性入手,分析高浓度氨氮废水的危害性,提出高浓度氨氮废水的主要治理技术。     

Global warming potential of emissions from rice paddies in Northeastern China

In this study, paddy fields in Jilin province which are flooded parcel of arable lands used for growing rice (Oryza sativa Linn.) were selected as the object. Long-term exploitation of paddy fields led to variations of soil organic carbon (SOC) and green house gases (GHGs) emissions which might contribute to global warming. In order to calculate the amount of global warming potentials (GWPs) of emissions from ricepaddies and find the correlations among rice yield, SOC storage and GWP, DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model was used to simulate SOC densities and fluxes of main GHGs emitted from paddy fields. After verification, simulation results were used to calculate SOC storages and 100-year GWPs from 1949 to 2009. Results indicated that SOC densities in depths of 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm all kept increasing. Average methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) fluxes were 278.55 kg carbon (kgC) ha⁻¹ a⁻¹ and 2.22 kg nitrogen (kgN) ha⁻¹ a⁻¹. The SOC storage (0–30 cm) had increased from 3.96 × 10⁹kgC in 1949 to 47.85 × 10⁹kgC in 2009. In addition, GWP emission was increasing exponentially in the past 61 years, from 0.16 × 10⁶ Mg carbon dioxide equivalents (CO₂-equivalents) to 66.36 × 10⁶ Mg CO₂-equivalents. Both SOC storage and GWP presented obviously linear relation to rice yields. Overall, the research suggested that long-term rice yields could be used to estimate the SOC storage and GWP variations.     

新疆色日克牙依拉克蛇绿岩特征及成矿远景

论文讨论了色日克牙依拉克蛇绿岩的岩石类型组合及岩石地球化学特征,结合区域地质情况分析认为:该蛇绿岩形成于裂谷—小洋盆环境,代表了塔里木板块和伊犁中天山微板块的最后缝合线位置。蛇绿岩出露地带,二辉橄榄岩和纯橄榄岩内均见有铬铁矿、磁铁矿等,局部地表见有镍华。因此,该地对于寻找铬、镍等矿床,有较大的潜力。     

荒漠区公路建设引起环境退化及对策——以新疆为例

公路是促进社会经济发展的重要基础设施,在公路建设促进荒漠环境改善的同时,由于荒漠区生态环境脆弱,公路建设较湿润区易引起环境退化,且生态恢复十分困难。新疆地域辽阔,自然条件复杂,生态系统结构简单且稳定性差,属中国乃至世界上典型的生态环境脆弱区,是中国荒漠面积最大的省区,荒漠环境复杂和类型齐全。荒漠区公路建设的自然环境具有区域生态脆弱,水源短缺,路域土质复杂,环境保护问题多,道路病害较多等特点。公路建设引起的环境退化主要表现在:致使区域植被覆盖度降低,为灾害发生提供有利地貌条件,引起水、土理化性质变差,对路域大气环境造成污染,荒漠区野生动物生存环境变差等6方面。针对荒漠区自然环境特点与公路建设引起的环境退化及成因,提出在公路规划设计、施工、营运3阶段防治公路路域环境退化的17条措施,以保护荒漠区路域环境和保障交通畅通及区域可持续发展。     

PAC强化“水解酸化+CAST”工艺处理混合化工废水的研究

采用粉末活性炭(PAC)强化"水解酸化+CAST"工艺对混合化工废水进行研究。试验结果表明:PAC强化"水解酸化+CAST"工艺对进水中COD、难降解COD、BOD5、NH3-N和TP等参数的去除率分别达到了82.8%、52.8%、95.8%、88.8%和94.2%,实际出水水质有了很明显提高。PAC与活性污泥法耦合处理废水,PAC在产生吸附作用的同时,具有与生物协同的降解作用。通过改变PAC的投加方式和投加量试验,出于经济方面考虑,在保证出水水质指标达标的前提下,确定2~3天为一个比较合理的PAC投加周期。     

环评工作中常见噪声源的噪声控制措施

在环评工作中,会遇到各种各样的噪声源,即使同一种噪声源,在不同的项目中工况和环境条件也不尽相同。因此,在确定噪声控制对策时需要具体问题具体分析。本文分析了风机、空压机、水泵、粉碎机械、冷却塔等通用机械的噪声特性并提出了噪声控制的一般方法;说明了高等级公路交通噪声控制的措施,还对环境影响报告书中常见噪声控制对策进行了评述。     

对拜泉县生态农业建设与可持续发展的思考

结合拜泉县生态农业建设的具体经验,介绍了生态建设的具体做法,总结了生态农业建设取得的成就,对县域生态农业建设具有一定的参考价值.     

四氯化碳显色目视比色法测定溶解氧方法的研究

本文介绍了四氯化碳显色目视比色法测定溶解氧方法的研究过程,通过时分析方法中,标准试剂的选择,萃取剂的选择,碘化钾（K1）用量的选择,及稳定性实验,消除干扰实验,环境温度实验,方法准确度及精密度实验,表明此方法快速、准确、分析结果直观、适合应急监测。     

煤炭企业差序格局下员工安全行为路径研究*

为促进煤炭企业员工安全行为,减少生产安全事故,基于差序格局理论、资源保存理论和自我决定理论,构建差序式领导、组织认同、安全动机和员工安全行为的链式中介模型。通过路径检验和Bootstrap方法,对367名煤炭企业基层员工的有效问卷数据进行统计分析,探讨激发员工安全行为的有效路径。研究结果表明:煤炭企业中的差序式领导可正向影响员工安全遵从行为和安全参与行为,且对安全参与行为的促进作用更强;组织认同和安全动机在差序式领导与员工安全遵从行为、安全参与行为的关系中存在独立中介和链式中介作用,且相较于组织认同,安全动机的独立中介作用更强。研究结果可为建立合理的差序标准、采取适度偏私手段提供参考。     

Reductive transformation and detoxification mechanism of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene in combined zero valent iron and anaerobic-aerobic process

A combined zero valent iron (ZVI) and anaerobic-aerobic process was adopted for the treatment of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-containing wastewater. The transformation pathway, reduction of acute toxicity and enhancement of biodegradability were investigated. After pretreatment by ZVI, DNCB in wastewater could be completely converted into 2,4-diaminochlorobenzene (DACB). The ratio of BOD₅/COD increased from 0.005 ± 0.001 to 0.168 ± 0.007, while EC_{50, 48 hr} (V/V) increased from 0.65% to 5.20%, indicating the enhancement of biodegradability and reduction of acute toxicity with the pretreatment by ZVI. DACB was further dechlorinated to m-phenylenediamine during the anaerobic process using methanol as electron donor, with EC_{50, 48 hr} increasing from 5.20% to 48.2%. After the subsequent anaerobic-aerobic process, m-phenylenediamine was degraded completely, with effluent COD of 67.5 ± 10.8 mg/L. This effluent of the subsequent anaerobic-aerobic process was not toxic to zebrafish. The combined ZVI and anaerobic-aerobic process offers bright prospects for the treatment of chlorinated nitroaromatic compound-containing wastewater.